Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

When does a synaptonemal complex form?
1. during prophase I of meiosis
2. during fertilization or fusion of gametes
3. during metaphase II of meiosis
4. during prophase of mitosis
5. during metaphase of mitosis
The phases of meiosis that cause the most variation in the four resulting daughter cells are
1. prophase I and telophase II
2. prophase II and anaphase II
3. metaphase I and telophase II
4. anaphase I and prophase II
5. prophase I and anaphase I
If the liver cells of an animal has 24 chromosomes, the sperm cells would have how many chromosomes?
1. 12
2. 24
3. 48
4. twice the diploid number
5. have the haploid number
How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?
1. by producing gametes with different combinations of parental chromosomes.
2. by allowing the combination of chromosomes from two different individuals
3. by allowing recombination of alleles on a chromosome.
4. Both A and B are correct.
5. A, B, and C are correct
Which of the following events occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
1. reduction in chromosome number
2. segregation of alleles of unlinked genes
3. synapsis and crossing over
4. duplication of chromatids
5. segregation of alleles of linked genes
Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n=16?
1. The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes.
2. The species has 16 different types of chromosomes.
3. There are 16 homologous pairs.
4. During the S phase of the cell cycle, there will be 32 separate chromosomes.
5. A gamete from this species has 8 chromosomes.
At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?
1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase
5. Both C and D are correct
Any genetic differences in a clone are due to which process?
1. independent assortment
2. mutation
3. crossing over
4. recombination
5. synapsis
Referring to a plant sexual life cycle, choose the pair of terms in which the first term describes the process that leads directly to the formation of gametes, while the second term describes restoration of the diploid chromosome number from the haploid state.
1. meiosis; fertilization
2. gametophyte mitosis; fertilization
3. meiosis; mitosis
4. gametophyte meiosis; fertilization
5. sporophyte mitosis; fertilization
Which of the following is FALSE in comparing prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis?
1. The chromosomes condense in both.
2. Tetrads from in both
3. The nuclear envelope disassembles in both.
4. A spindle forms in both.
5. Each chromosome has two chromatids in both.
In a given organism, how do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that are just about to begin meiosis?
1. They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA.
2. They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
3. They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA.
4. They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA.
5. They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.
What is a karyotype?
1. a phenotype of an individual.
2. the genotype of an individual
3. a unique combination of chromosomes found in a gamete
4. the kind of nucleus a cell has
5. a method of organizing the homologous chromosomes of a cell in relation to their number, size, and type
Which of the following is the term for a human cell that contains 22 pairs of autosomes and two X chromosomes?
1. an unfertilized egg cell
2. a sperm cell
3. a male somatic cell
4. a female somatic cell
5. Both A and D are correct.
For a species with a haploid number of 23 chromosomes, how many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes?
1. 23
2. 46
3. 460
4. 920
5. more than 8 million
Crossing over occurs during which phase of meiosis?
1. prophase I
2. anaphase I
3. telophase I
4. prophase II
5. metaphase II
Homologous chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs in
1. mitosis only.
2. meiosis I only.
3. meiosis II only.
4. mitosis and meiosis I
5. mitosis and meiosis II
When a cell divides to form two cells that are genetically identical, this occurs in
1. mitosis only.
2. meiosis I only.
3. meiosis II only
4. mitosis and meiosis I
5. mitosis and meiosis II
Centromeres uncouple and chromatids are separated from each other in
1. mitosis only.
2. meiosis I only.
3. meiosis II only
4. mitosis and meiosis I
5. mitosis and meiosis II
Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs in
1. mitosis only
2. meiosis I only
3. meiosis II only
4. mitosis and meiosis I
5. mitosis and meiosis II
Which event causes the majority of genetic recombinations.
1. mitosis only
2. meiosis I only
3. meiosis II only
4. mitosis and meiosis I
5. mitosis and meiosis II
Which process(es) is (are) preceded by a copying (replication) of the DNA?
1. mitosis only
2. meiosis I only
3. meiosis II only
4. mitosis and meiosis I
5. mitosis and meiosis II
For the following statement, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.

"Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell; independent assortment soon follows."

1. Prophase I 6. Prophase II
2. Metaphase I 7. Metaphase II
3. Anaphase I 8. Anaphase II
4. Telophase I 9. Telophase II
5. Interkinesis
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 8
For the following statement, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.

"Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over my occur"

1. Prophase I 6. Prophase II
2. Metaphase I 7. Metaphase II
3. Anaphase I 8. Anaphase II
4. Telophase I 9. Telophase II
5. Interkinesis
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
5. 7
For the following statement, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.

"Nuclear envelopes may form; no replication of chromosomes takes place"

1. Prophase I 6. Prophase II
2. Metaphase I 7. Metaphase II
3. Anaphase I 8. Anaphase II
4. Telophase I 9. Telophase II
5. Interkinesis
1. 3
2. 5
3. 6
4. 7
5. 8
For the following statement, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.

"Centromeres of sister chromatids uncouple and chromatids separate"

1. Prophase I 6. Prophase II
2. Metaphase I 7. Metaphase II
3. Anaphase I 8. Anaphase II
4. Telophase I 9. Telophase II
5. Interkinesis
1. 2
2. 3
3. 6
4. 7
5. 8
All of the following are functions of meiosis in plants EXCEPT
1. production of spores
2. reduction of chromosome number by half
3. independent assortment of chromosomes
4. crossing over and recombination of homologous chromosomes
5. production of identical daughter cells.
You are genetically unique. This is a result of
1. sexual reproduction.
2. genetic recombination
3. mutation
4. both A and C
5. all answers are correct
Eukaryotic sexual life cycles show tremendous variation. Of the following elements, which do all sexual life cycles have in common?

1. copulation
2. meiosis
3. fertilization
4. gametes
5. spores
1. 1, 4, and 5
2. 1, 2, and 4
3. 2, 3, and 4
4. 2, 4, and 5
5. All answers are correct
The word "homologous" literally means "same location." How does this relate to homologous chromosomes?
1. All of these answers are correct.
2. The bands resulting from staining are found in the same location.
3. The chromosomes have the same genes in the same location.
4. The chromosomes always move to the same location in the cell during division
5. Both B and C are correct.
A cell has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=4. We will designate these four as chromosomes A, B, C, and D. If meiosis occurred WITHOUT the formation of homologous pairs, and the chromosomes were distributed randomly among the resulting cells, how many gametes could be formed?
1. 2 (AB and CD)
2. 3 (AB, BC and CD)
3. 4 (AB, AB, BC, and CD)
4. 5 (AB, AC, AD, BC and CD)
5. 6 (AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, and CD)
A cell has a diploid chromosome number of 2n=4. We will designate these four as chromosomes A, B, C, and D. If meiosis occurred WITH the formation of homologous pairs AC and BD, and the chromosomes were then distributed randomly between the resulting cells, how many gametes could be formed?
1. 2 (AB and CD)
2. 3 (AB, BC and CD)
3. 4 (AB, AB, BC, and CD)
4. 5 (AB, AC, AD, BC and CD)
5. 6 (AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, and CD)
Which of the following terms belongs with the words synapsis, tetrads, and chiasmata?
1. haploid
2. crossing over
3. autosomes
4. prophase II
5. fertilization
In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in
1. spores
2. somatic cells
3. zygotes
4. sporophytes
5. clones
The X and the Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes because
1. the chromosomes determine whether the individual will be male or female.
2. females have X chromosomes and males have Y chromosomes.
3. they are present only when cells undergo meiosis.
4. genes located on the chromosomes play a role in determining the sex of the individual.
5. they are formed only as a result of fertilization
Complete the following list: zygote-sporophyte-spore-gametophyte-gamete-________
1. meiosis
2. mitosis
3. synapsis
4. karyotype
5. fertilization
In animals, somatic cells result from mitosis and __________ result from meiosis.
1. gametes
2. clones
3. zygotes
4. spores
5. diploid cells
Which of the following terms belongs least suitably with the others?
1. fertilization
2. spore
3. gamete
4. diploid
5. chiasmata
Which of the following terms belongs least suitably with the others?
1. synapsis
2. karyotype
3. tetrad
4. chiasmata
5. crossing over